British casualties amounted to more than a quarter of their army, while French casualties were less than a sixth of their army. At around 10am, Joseph and his staff mounted to the top of the Cero de Cascajal to reconnoitre the situation. The French attack initially fell on the British right, where the light companies of Campbell’s Brigade were surprised in the area of vineyards and walled gardens around the Pajar de Vergara, losing prisoners to the German troops of Leval’s Division. Battle of Talavera de la Reina, Spain, an 1809 battle of the Peninsular War; Battle of Talavera de la Reina (1936), during the Spanish Civil War Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War: picture by E. Walker. General de Division François Amable Ruffin: Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War. Book your escape today! The Battle of Talavera de la Reina was fought on 3 September 1936 in the Spanish Civil War. Only once the Cerro de Medellin was taken were Victor’s others divisions, Villatte’s and Lapisse’s, to advance on the next section of the British line. Victor was determined to renew his attack in daylight. 4 ForeignRegiments (Irish, Napoles) 4. Hill rode towards the men, taking them to be British, shouting to stop firing. The pictures on this post were taken by myself, when I visited the battlefields of Wellington’s 1809-12 campaigns in Spain as part of a tour conducted by Ian Fletcher of Ian Fletcher Battlefield Tours. Halberdier Company (Real Guardia de Alabarderos) 2. Victor’s first attack on the Cerro de Medellin was over. Battles. The battalions of Leval’s Division that were engaging the Spanish also retreated and the whole division fell back. 30,000 French infantry would be attacking 16,500 British infantry. Background to the Battle of Talavera:On 2nd July 1809, Sir Arthur Wellesley marched his British army across the border from Portugal into Spain, intending to act with the Spanish armies of General Cuesta and General Venegas, in an attack on the French in Madrid, led by Joseph Bonaparte, the king imposed on Spain by the Emperor Napoleon. During this stand-off, General Charles Stewart attempted three times to lead the Spanish cavalry in an attack on Latour Maubourg’s Dragoons as the French retreated, but the Spaniards would not charge. The Battle of Talavera (27–28 July 1809) was fought just outside the town of Talavera de la Reina, Spain some 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Madrid, during the Peninsular War. The regiments to the right of the 29th were the First Battalion of Detachments and the 48th Regiment of Stewart’s Brigade: then Tilson’s Brigade, flanked by the 2 brigades of King’s German Legion, then Sherbrooke’s Division, with Donkin’s Brigade in the rear. The Talavera Battlefield Monument near Talavera in Spain, commemorates the Battle of Talavera, which took place on 27 and 28 July 1809 and was the Duke of Wellington’s – then Sir Arthur Wellesley’s – first major victory of the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars. Talavera de la Reina is a city and municipality in the western part of the province of Toledo, which in turn is part of the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha, Spain.It is the second-largest nucleus of population in Castile–La Mancha and the largest in the province: its population of 83,793 makes it larger than the city of Toledo, although the latter remains the provincial capital. Those Spanish regiments that were engaged performed well. Great collectible Engraving Engraving measures approximately: 10.1 inches high Each additional one ships free in US, Internationally each additional is $0.50. The French appeared to have broken its centre. At around 7pm on 27th July 1809, Ruffin’s infantry and guns moved onto the Cerro de Cascajal and opened fire across the steep ravine of the Portina Brook at the British infantry on the Cerro de Medellin. Some regiments did reach the army: 23rd Light Dragoons and the 48th and 61st Foot. See the extensive list of references given at the end of the Peninsular War Index. While the French conscript infantry moved about the battle field in fast moving columns, the British trained to fight in line. Uniforms, arms, equipment at the Battle of Talavera:The British infantry wore red waist-length jackets, grey trousers, and stovepipe shakos. Victor halted the advance and his cavalrymen dispersed to find forage for their horses, enabling the Spanish formations to get away without further molestation. The Battle of Talavera was one of the key confrontations of the Peninsular War. The Battle of Talavera (27–28 July 1809) was fought just outside the town of Talavera de la Reina, Spain some 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Madrid, during the Peninsular War. These troops formed behind the British cavalry brigades of Fane and Anson to the west of the Cerro de Medellin. The standard infantry weapon across all the armies was the muzzle-loading musket. Field guns fired a ball projectile, of limited use against troops in the field unless those troops were closely formed. After exchanging volleys with the KGL, the 96th also withdrew. With Portugal liberated, Wellington turned his attention to Spain, and planned a joint operation with a Spanish army under General Cuesta. … When Anson’s British brigade of light dragoons (23rd Light Dragoons and 1st KGL Light Dragoons) appeared, the French Dragoons mounted, retired around the northern side of Talavera and crossed the River Alberche. 12 Regiments of Light 3. Most of the French cannon shots passed over the heads of the British 29th Regiment, lying down behind the crest of the slope. 2 guns were also positioned on a northern spur of the Cerro de Medellin. The KGL comprised both cavalry and infantry regiments. Events soon compelled Wellesley, who was soon appointed Viscount Wellington, to fall back toward his base in Portugal. 6 SwissRegiments 5. The medal was only issued to those entitled to one or more of the clasps. In turn, Joseph directed Sebastiani’s Fourth Corps not to attack until Victor’s First Corps was seen to be successful. 22. Victor, following his success over Mackenzie’s Division at the Casa de Salinas, brought the rest of his corps over the River Alberche and advanced towards Wellesley’s positions, with Ruffin’s Division to the front on the right, followed by Villatte’s Division, with Lapisse’s Division on the left, followed by Beaumont’s 2 cavalry regiments and with Latour-Maubourg’s cavalry division spread across the plain to the left, in front of the Spanish positions. Date + Location: 27-28 July 1809, Talavera Spain Belligerents: France Belligerents: Great Britain, Spain Strength: 46 000 Strength: 55 000 Casualties and losses: 7 400 killed or wounded Casualties and losses: 7 400 killed or wounded tactical result: Inconclusive strategic result: Inconclusive Although Wellesely's forces were outnumbered, and a sizeable contingent of the Spanish ran away, he had chosen a superb defensive position and was able to beat … In a bloody contest the British and Spanish under Wellesley and Cuesta won a tactical victory over the French forces of Victor and Joseph Bonaparte. The British line was now fully alert to the attack on the Cerro de Medellin. Narrowly escaping injury or capture by French light troops, Wellesley withdrew the regiments of Mackenzie’s Brigade, the 24th, 31st and 45th Regiments, through a wooded area to open ground, where they drove back the advancing French columns, while Donkin’s Brigade reformed in their rear. 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, Date of the Battle of Talavera: 28th July 1809, Joseph Bonaparte: Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War. Spanish Guards (Guardias de Infanteria Espanola) 3. Reinforced by the 40th Regiment, Campbell’s line, with its right flank against the Pajar de Vergara, discharged volleys into the advancing Germans, while the British guns in the redoubt on the Pajar de Vergara fired grapeshot into their left flank. 9. Joseph, on being informed of the actions taken by his subordinates, ordered a general withdrawal and, overnight, the French army crossed the River Alberche, resumed its old position at Cazalegas and the Battle of Talavera came to its bloody end. While the French infantry were compelled to stand in square, they were subject to heavy cannon fire by British and Spanish guns and prevented from advancing. The Spanish cavalry did not attack the French Dragoons and, even with the arrival of Spanish infantry, no aggressive move was made against Latour Maubourg’s men. 7 (Oman only), Borbón Cavalry Regiment Nr. Towards the end of the action between Campbell’s brigade and Leval’s Division, the divisions of Lapisse and Sebastiani attacked the British First Division, commanded by Sherbrooke. Battle of Talavera de la Reina, Spain, an 1809 battle of the Peninsular War; Battle of Talavera de la Reina (1936), during the Spanish Civil War Talavera, Battle of, Talavera de la Reina, Spain, 1809 Please provide your name, email, and your suggestion so that we can begin assessing any terminology changes. 87th and 88th Regiments at the Casa de Salinas: Battle of Talavera on 27th July 1809 in the Peninsular War: picture by Richard Caton Woodville. Cuesta, elderly and ill, was deeply suspicious of Wellesley, who he suspected was trying to replace him. Many of his battles were won using a combination of the manoeuvrability and fire power of the French guns with the speed of the French columns of infantry, supported by the mass of French cavalry. On the same day, Mackenzie’s infantry division with two regiments of cavalry crossed the River Alberche, a tributary of the River Tagus. Exploding shells fired by howitzers, yet in their infancy. The bayonet attack by the 48th Regiment at the Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War: picture by William Barnes Wollen. Battles. Mackenzie’s Brigade hurried forward from the Second Line to meet the oncoming French, while the 48th Regiment came down from Cerro de Medellin to assist the retreating German battalions. 35 Regiments of Line 2. Grenadier and Light Company man of the 29th Foot: Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War: Hamilton Smith. 3rd Foot Guards at the Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War. After Wellesley finally repeated his request to Cuesta on bended knee, the Spanish began the river crossing in the hours before dawn on 27th July 1809, under the jaundiced eyes of Mackenzie’s and Sherbrooke’s British divisions. The French cavalry was distributed along the rear in support of the attacking infantry: Latour-Maubourg’s dragoon division behind Sebastiani, Beaumont’s 2 regiments behind Villatte and Merlin’s 4 regiments supporting Ruffin’s attack, in the plain north of the Cerro de Medellin. The French foot artillery wore uniforms similar to the infantry, the horse artillery wore hussar uniforms. On the far side of the brook, Cameron halted his men and re-formed them. Commander-in-Chief of the Anglo-Spanish Army: Lieutenant General Sir Arthur Wellesley, Commander-in-Chief: Lieutenant General The Rt Hon Sir Arthur Wellesley KB, Total Anglo-Spanish forces: 52,735, 66 guns, Commander-in-Chief: Lieutenant General Don Gregorio Garcia de la Cuesta y Fernández de Celis, Captain-General of Castilla, Spanish cavalry units ending in a number (Nr.) April 2, 2014 . The background shows the Talavera battlefield. Joseph’s chief of staff, Jourdan, was against another attack, urging the danger that the Spanish might advance and force their way through the French army, driving it north into the mountains and leaving the road to Madrid open to the Spanish and British. The following units and commanders fought at the battle, which occurred during the Peninsular War. British reinforcements were arriving in Lisbon for Wellesley’s army, but were being held up by the shortage of mule carts to carry equipment and supplies and cash for Wellesley’s treasury. The German and Foot Guards brigades were bundled back across the Portina Brook by the triumphant French infantry. Moving too fast to halt, many of the troopers were brought down. Cuesta refused. 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At the same time, French light infantry appeared on the Sierra de Segurilla, to the north of the Cerro de Medellin. British heavy cavalry (dragoon guards and dragoons) wore red jackets and ‘Roman’ style helmets with horse hair plumes. Wellesley’s information on the French dispositions was that Victor’s Corps was retreating before him towards Talavera and Madrid, Ney was likely to remain in Galicia, the condition of Soult’s Corps was so bad as to preclude it from acting against him and Mortier’s Corps was in Valladolid. Attack by Anson’s Light Cavalry Brigade at the Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809. British casualties in the engagement were nearly 450 men killed, wounded or captured. French deserters overnight revealed the plan of attack to Wellesley, who, at dawn, was on the Cerro de Medellin, watching Ruffin’s Divisional columns on the edge of the Portina Brook ravine, waiting to advance and Villatte’s Division on the summit of the Cerro de Cascajal, with 30 guns in battery to their front and Beaumont’s cavalry in support. These directions ensured that the French regiments would be committed piecemeal and without mutual support. By the time Leval’s men reached the main line of Campbell’s Brigade (2nd/7th Fusiliers, 2nd/53rd Foot and 1 company 5th/60th Foot), they were thoroughly disordered by their advance through the broken ground. The battle of Talavera of 27-28 July 1809 was the first of Sir Arthur Wellesley’s great victories in Spain during the Peninsular War. At midnight, the Spanish troops unleashed a heavy fire, leading Sir Arthur Wellesley to believe the French were launching another attack. The basic infantry coat colour was dark blue. Talavera may refer to: Battle of Talavera de la Reina Spain, an 1809 battle of the Peninsular War Battle of Talavera de la Reina 1936 during the Spanish Alcazar Add your article Home Guns also fired case shot or canister which fragmented and was highly effective against troops in the field over a short range. The battle of Talavera in 1809 was one of the major battles of the Peninsular War and Arthur Wellesley's first victory in Spain itself, following which he was created Viscount Wellington of Talavera and Wellington. On receiving Victor’s report that he was retreating, Joseph changed the destination of his march from Talavera to Toledo. The other German regiments wavered under the British volleys, at which Campbell ordered his brigade to advance, led by the 7th Fusiliers. Gate of Talavera: Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War. The following units and comma… At Wellesley’s suggestion, Cuesta’s army formed a defensive line stretching from the town of Talavera to the north, as far as a small plateau called the Paiar de Vergarar. At the beginning of the French attack on the Cerro de Medellin, the French 96th of the Line moved to the left, crossed the Portina Brook and engaged Langwerth’s Brigade of the King’s German Legion. Most of the casualties were probably due to desertion, as few were engaged during the battle. At the same time, the French guns on the Cero de Cascajal fired into the left flank of the German brigades, inflicting terrible casualties. Other cavalry units are probably newly-raised volunteers. At Talavera, an Anglo-Spanish army under Sir Arthur Wellesley combined with a Spanish army under General Cuesta in operations against French-occupied Madrid. 23rd Light Dragoons attacking the French infantry squares at the Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War: picture by Richard Caton Woodville (the regiment is, in error, given in post-1812 uniforms). As Anson’s regiments advanced, the 23rd Light Dragoons on the right and the 1st Hussars of the KGL on the left, the French infantry regiments formed squares. With these failings, during the course of the afternoon and evening of 27th July 1809, Wellesley’s army formed along the Portina Brook line, north of the Paiar de Vergarar to the Cerro de Medellin, in this order: from the right, British guns on the Paiar de Vergarar, with Campbell’s Brigade next in line; behind the Portina Brook, Kemmis’ Brigade, the Foot Guards, with Mackenzie’s Brigade behind the Foot Guards, then more British guns, Cameron’s Brigade, Langwerth’s KGL Brigade with the rest of the British guns. Of the French artillery, 30 guns were on the crest of the Cerro de Cascajal, with 30 more on the lower slopes and the rest with the Fourth Corps. While the total Spanish and British army outnumbered the French by 55,000 to 45,000, the French troops facing the British section of the line numbered 30,000 against 16,500 British and German troops, with a substantially heavier and more numerous artillery. Lapisse’s Division was positioned on Villatte’s left, supported by Latour-Maubourg’s dragoon division. British and French troops drinking from the Portina Brook during the Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War: picture by C. Delort. The battle of Talavera in 1809 was one of the major battles of the Peninsular War and Arthur Wellesley's first victory in Spain itself, following which he was created Viscount Wellington of Talavera and Wellington. However, the Spanish were having enough trouble keeping their own troops fed. There they encountered 46,000 French under Marshal Claude Victor and Major-General Horace Sebastiani, with the French king of Spain, Joseph Bonapartein nominal command. The King’s German Legion battalions arrived in the line late in the evening, after an exhausting day and many soldiers then fell asleep. Donkin’s Brigade was moved onto the Cerro de Medellin, joining the brigades of Stewart and Tilson. Wellesley refused to accompany him, insisting that the Spanish authorities provide the baggage animals he needed to move supplies for his troops. The battalion of detachments was checked and fell back, the 29th pushing through them and charging on up the hill. Infantry, Light Infantry and Hussar of the King’s German Legion: Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War: picture by Charles Hamilton Smith. While doing this, Wellesley was called away to deal with the surprise attack on Mackenzie’s Division at the Casa de Salinas. The Duke of Wellington reduced the number of ranks to two, to extend the line of the British infantry and to exploit fully the firepower of his regiments. Army Gold Medal awarded to Lt Col Alexander Gordon of the 83rd Regiment for the Battle of Talavera on 28th July 1809 in the Peninsular War. Royal Guard 1. A small Spanish and Portuguese force was despatched to the left flank. In spite of Victor’s strenuous objections, Joseph ordered a general withdrawal to the positions held at the beginning of the day. Alternate victory and defeat attended until the 21 st June, 1813, when Napoleon’s enterprise in Spain met its Waterloo at the battle … Battle of Talavera; the main French attack, on 28th July 1809: For the rest of the night of 27th July 1809, the French could be heard moving guns and infantry onto the top of the Cerro de Cascajal. The Emperor Napoleon’s directive to his brother, Joseph and the French marshals in Spain was to crush the British army in battle, thereby discouraging the London Government from interfering in Napoleon’s plans for the Iberian Peninsula again. Lapisse’s Division was to attack on the left of Villatte’s Division. General Hill saw the French advance beginning, in spite of the pall of smoke that shrouded the French positions and gave the order to recall the British light companies from the bank of the Portina Brook. Campbell kept his battalions under strict control and halted the pursuit, bringing them back into the original line, spiking the abandoned guns on the way. [6], Marshal of France Claude Perrin Victor, Duke of Belluno, General of Division Horace-Francois-Bastien Sebastiani de La Porta, Don Gregorio Garcia de la Cuesta y Fernández de Celis, José María de la Cueva y de la Cerda, Duke of Albuquerque, Horace-Francois-Bastien Sebastiani de La Porta, Jean-Baptiste Cyrus de Timbrune de Thiembronne, Count of Valence, Marie-Victor-Nicolas de Fay, Marquis de La Tour-Maubourg, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Talavera_order_of_battle&oldid=967797983, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Sillery's Company, RA (six light 6-pounders), Heise's Battery, KGA (six light 6-pounders), Rettberg's Battery, KGA (six heavy 6-pounders), Elliot's Company, RA (six light 6-pounders), Cazadores de Barbastro Regiment, 2nd Battalion, Cazadores de Valencia Regiment, 1st Battalion (Oman: 2nd), Tiradores de Estremadura (Oman: excluded), Lanceros de Andalusia (cavalry) (Oman: excluded), Voluntarios de Castilla Regiment (Oman: excluded), 2nd Provincial de Burgos (Oman: omit 2nd), 2nd Provincial de Guadix (Oman: omit 2nd), Sevilla Regiment, 2nd Battalion (Oman: 3rd), Carabineros Reales Regiment, one squadron, Alcantara Cavalry Regiment Nr. 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